Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate inducesapoptosisand cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice^[1][2][3].

Citric acid monohydrate (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner^[3].
Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 72 h) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner^[3].
Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 48 h) increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl^[3].

Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreases GSH-Px activity and induces an increase in the MDA (malonyldialdehyde) levels in mouse liver^[1].
Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes^[1].
Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) causes renal toxicity in mice^[2].

210.14

Solid

C₆H₁₀O₈

5949-29-1

一水柠檬酸

• Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

• Plants

Aspergillus niger

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)